Anti-virus
Proshield developing team has worked with Stem Cell Clinical Application Centre and carried out following anti-virus tests:
The team use method of Plaque Forming to observe the residual amount of viruses in the culture media after ProShield material interactions with viruses.
Challenge virus:
1. Human Enterovirus, Echovirus-11, source: College of American Pathologists, Proficiency Testing.
2. Influenza A Virus, New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1), source: College of American Pathologists, Proficiency Testing.
Host:
1. For test of Enterovirus – LLC-MK2 cells, ATCC CCL-7.1
2. For test of Influenza A Virus – MDCK cells, ARCC CCL-34
Proshield Nano composite materials TA series – anti-virus test:
The types of challenge viruses are Enterovirus and Influenza A Virus. Cells would die after being infected by the viruses (shown on photo below). Test enzyme activity of cells by MTT assay, to analysis cell viability and determine the performance of decomposing viruses.
The higher performance of TA materials of decomposing viruses, the higher viability of cells would appear.
Viruses, unlike bacteria, are not able to be calculated the number of amounts. The team used method of Plaque to calculate virus plaque forming units (PFU; plaque-forming unit) and determine viral load (unit: PFU/Ml)
Through MTT assay, the significant difference of living cells and dead cells can be seen in the photo.
Following image shows the survival rates of the cells that inoculated the viruses without adding any of ProShield Nano-materials.
To determine the performance of decomposing virus of TTA series materials, the research team added TTA series materials before inoculated the viruses into the cells. The results of tests are shown as following statements:
1.For test of Enterovirus – viral load: 2 × 106 PFU / mL, inhibition of Enterovirus: 99.99%
2.For test of Influenza A Virus –viral load: 4 × 103 PFU / mL, inhibition of H1N1: 99.99%
All the antivirus tests have been done according to protocol ASTM E 1052-96 from laboratory of MICROBIOTEST, the organization authorized by FDA, USA.
The formula that the research team used for determining the performance of inhibiting viruses has also been approved by authorities.
Non-infected cells
Infected cells – Enterovirus
Host cell: MK-2D cell
(epithelial cells of monkey)
Quantity of Inoculation: 2x106 PFU/ml
Host cell: MDCK cell
(epithelial cells of canoidea)
Quantity of Inoculation: 2x106 PFU/ml
Without TA – cells died
Mixed with TA – cells survived
Without TA –
cells died
Mixed with TA –
cells survived